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Black Protest is about two complementary traditions of black protest against white racism: integrationism and nationalism, as developed by James Hal Cone in "Martin and Malcolm: Integrationism and Nationalism in African American Religious History." The struggle of African Americans, in the United States, to claim their rights as human beings in the face of overt racism, by whites, during the Civil Rights movement, were expressed by two main traditions of protest. Integrationism and nationalism were two sides of the same coin that served as the tender which brought an oppressed people to claim their identity as unique, equal, and empowered participants in U.S society. ==Integrationism== Essentially optimistic in its outlook, integrationism seeks to foster wholesome relationships between whites and blacks. The goal was assimilation but not at the expense of black cultural and spiritual identity. Hope, for the integrationist, was engendered by the traditions and laws of the U.S. as handed down to them by the founding fathers of the nation. The Declaration of Independence proclaims: :We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Integrationism depended upon the consciences of whites to acknowledge the hypocrisy of racism in light of their expressed beliefs in order to claim the freedoms denied to them for generations. Frederick Douglass, the great abolitionist, exposed whites for their sanctimonious posturing as "civilized" people in his speech, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?": :To (slave ), your celebration is a sham...Your denunciation of tyrants, brass-fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery....There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the face of Christian integrationists during the Civil Rights Movement. His application of nonviolent, civil disobedience, enabled whites and blacks on both sides of the racism equation to emerge, not completely healed, but whole. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black Protest」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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